The article analyzes the National Policy on the Rights of Populations Affected by Dams (PNAB), established by Law No. 14,755/2023, with special attention to its application in environmental licensing and to the limits of enforceability of the obligations imposed on developers.

The authors examine the main instruments provided for under the PNAB and the challenges arising from the lack of regulation of essential aspects of the policy. The study concludes that, although the PNAB represents an important step forward in protecting affected populations, the effectiveness of several of its obligations depends on regulation that ensures its proportional, predictable, and legally secure application.